| Notater |
- Mogens Uf is mentioned by name in documents dating from 1533 to 1562. The first mention of Mogens UF can be found in a document from 1533, held in the State Archives (printed in J.R. H?bertz "Aktstykker til Bornholms Historie 1327-1621", K?benhavn, 1852); on this document can be seen Mogens Uf's seal showing his coat of arms (v?ben): on a red field a blue (sinister) diagonal brace covered by three golden acorns (i r?dt en bl? (sinister) skr?bj?lke med tre gule agern); on the helmet: two vesselhorns horizontally divided, one coloured red/blue, the other blue/red, and between the vesselhorns a tiny oak-branch with three golden acorns (to vesselhorn delt mellem r?dt/bl?t og bl?t/r?dt, hvorimellem st?r en liden kvist med 3 gyldne agern).
It was a this point, circa 1535, that the King appointed "Maaghns W" as the new chief justice. Along with the appointment came "fri ejendom" (freehold ownership) rights to property, similiar to that of the nobility on Sk?ne. This meant that he received full tax-exemption for all his landholdings on Bornholm. The document of 1533 shows us that Mogens had two of his farms in Ibsker parish, R?geskovsg?rd and an adjacent farm, re-classified as freeman-farms.
As Mogens was a native Bornholmer he soon became embroiled in violent disagreements with the L?beck commander Bernt Knop. It got to the point where, in order to save his life, Mogens Uf was forced to flee to Sk?ne (then still Danish, but now part of Sverige/Sweden). There his bride-to-be Berete Kyrning's family had an estate-farm called Oddersberg (now Oddensberga), and it was there they were married; she was of old Danish-Sk?ne ancestry. An alternate spelling for her surname is: Kj?rning. As was customary with the nobility in Sk?ne province, Mogens Uf was bestowed Oddersberg (now spelled Odensberga) estate as part of the marriage dowry.
The second time is in a letter dated August 20, 1535 from King Christian III to the chief justice (Landsdommer) of Bornholm, Mogens Uf. The Danish King had "mortgaged" Bornholm to L?beck for a period of 50 years, starting around 1525. Mogens Uf took over the post of chief justice after Jens Hansen (Myre), who had been the leader of a revolt against the L?beck commander, Bernt Knop; the revolt was defeated.
After a period of time Bernt Knop was forced to give up his command of Hammershus Fortress, and in 1562 Mogens Uf was able to return as Chief Justice to Bornholm. Whereupon he took up residence at "Raagelundsgaarden" (later called: R?geskovsg?rd), 22 Slg. in Ibsker parish. He also owned Store Frig?rd, 4 Vdg. in ?stermarie parish from 1562 (which at the time known as Raagesholm). On August 20, 1562 he was appointed chief-bailiff for the district (jurisdiktfoged). By the end of 1563, L?beck's representative on Bornholm, Sveder Ketting, wrote to the King of Denmark complaining about Mogens Uf - asking that he be removed from his position. Sveder Ketting was of the opinion that Mogens Uf was not right for the job, and disputed his authority over the general populace on Bornholm. He also complained that Mogens Uf was mostly away in Sk?ne, looking after his property there, and as a result he achieved very little. In spite of these charges, Mogens Uf held the position of Chief Justice until his death, which is said to have been in the New Year holiday season of 1565.
Berete Kyrning and Mogens Uf had four sons and four daughters. Fate took all four fractious sons - they all died fairly young without having fathered any sons. Of the four sons (Peder, Philip, Hans and Esbern) only Peder merits any credit: he was a "V?bner" (arms carrier), and in 1556 he became a member of the Upper House of the Parliament (landsting) based in ?kirkeby. As he died without any heirs, his sister Margrethe and her husband inherited his freehold farm Skovsholm in Ibsker parish.
Berete Kyrning was still alive in 1580, at which time she complained to the King about her sons Philip Uf and Hans Uf having jailed her daughter Sidsel in Christiansand, in Sk?ne, for a debt they could not prove was owed to them. The King ordered them to free their sister. Source: "Landet Borringholm - Bornholmsk-skanske sl?gtskr?dse", part 2, by Sigvard Mahler Dam, SAXO, 1986.
Mogens Uf's son "Mester Peder W" was one of the 17 men named as being in attendance at the "Frimandsm?det" held on September 6, 1572: 1. Jacob Iversen, Landsdommer, 2. Mester Peder W (= Peder Uf), the brothers 3. Peder Hansen and 4. Bent Hansen, 5. J?rgen Pedersen, 6. Peder (Madsen) Kofoed, 7. Oluf Madsen, 8. Oluf Bagge, 9. Hans Mogensen, since he was away in the service of the crown, he was represented by his father Mogens Hansen, 10. Peder (Hansen) Myre, 11. J?rgen Gagge, 12. Berent Hansen (= Berild Hansen), 13. Laurids Pedersen, 14. Jens (Madsen) Kofoed, 15. Christen (Clausen) Ki?ller, 16. Peder Hansen (Uf), and 17. Hans (Madsen) Kofoed. Three advisers to the Danish Parliment (Rigsr?der) had been sent to preside over the meeting, namely: Bi?rn Kaas of Starupgaard, Bi?rn Andersen of Stenholt, and J?rgen Marsvin of Dyb?k. The group expressed heartfelt and solemn words about faithful service to the crown; and it seems they had an inkling of things to come, and therefore begged the King not to let himself be "seduced" by L?beck's representative Sveder Ketting, "because you might expect that L?beck only plotted to keep our island under their yoke." This was during the period in which Bornholm was strongly under the influence (and rulership) of the Hanseatic League free-city of L?beck; the Bornholmers felt greatly put upon by the high taxes, unfair rules, and high-handedness of the L?beckers. Contrary to the opinion of latter historians they must have convinced the envoys, as on the 9th of September the freemen were granted the right to gather shipwrecks from the beaches, hunt in the woods, as well as given full authority over their servants - a great victory for the freemen.
The following has been extracted from a translation of the article "Landsdommer-patriciatet p? Bornholm", part 1, by Sigvard Mahler Dam, published in SAXO, 1987:
Mogens Uf:
Now a new chief justice was needed, and the king wanted a man who had the strength to oppose the L?beckers - which is obvious from the ensuing correspondence. On August 20th 1535 we see that Mogens Uf was the chosen man, and that in return he received tax exemption on his property. He had been in a long drawn out conflict over property rights: his father, Oluf Tuesen, had had a dispute with the command for Hammershus, Christiern van Haffn, and was killed by him; the archbishop then confiscated Oluf's farms to be taxed by the church. This happened around 1500, and Oluf's widow was left with their under-aged son, although she was generously helped by her two very influential brothers: Chief Justice Anders Uf (her half-brother), and Oluf Ottesen (her full-brother). They apparently freed her inherited properties and later bought some parts of it; sadly this resulted in the Uf-family becoming entangled in another lengthy inheritance dispute between Mogens Uf on the one side, and 3 siblings, Oluf and Peder Hansen Uf, and their sister Gunhild, on the other side. At issue was the inheritance after Otte Pedersen (documents regarding this can be found in the chancellor's legal records). (see note nr. 18)
In any case, this fight was yet to happen. At the time Mogens Uf was appointed as chief justice the king sent an open letter to Bornholm's populace, informing them that Mogens was being sent to help free them from the L?beckers rule. There was cause for optimism, as L?beck's proud fleed had been defeated off Bornholm's coast on June 9th, and now was the time keep up the pressure. On September 6th, when Mogens Uf had been justice for only 14 days, a letter from the king arrived stating that ships, with soldiers and horses, were being dispatched. The letter was probably read aloud at a Landsting gathering, as the men made a stand south of ?kirkeby, near Egla Meadow, and there they waited for the reinforcements. . . which never arrived! The ships had encountered a bad storm and were blown way past Bornholm. However, the L?beckers reached Bornholm with 500 soldiers and completely overpowered the peasant-army. Following many arrests, punishments and hangings, even Mogens Uf was taken prisoner and put into Hammershus. In a court case from September 8th 1555 it was claimed that Mogens Uf had not kept his promise as a nobleman! He had obtained permission from the L?beck commander in Hammershus to sail to the Hanseatic city of Stralsund, but out at sea he persuaded the Bornholm skipper to sail him over to Sk?ne instead, where his betrothed Berete Kyrning sat waiting for him at Oddersberga estate.
Mogens Uf's time as chief justice was very brief - at most 2 years, but later he returned to Bornholm in the position of bailiff to manage what had formerly had belonged to the Archbishop of Lund. He married Berete and they eventually had eight children, four boys and four daughters. Their daughter Margrethe was the mother of a future chief justice, Christen Clausen.
Mogens Uf's coat of arms is well documented, as with his marriage to Berete this Bornholm freeman gained entry into the rolls of the noble families. His seal can still be found intact on a letter from 1533, and his coat of arms is identical to the one shown in the rolls: on a red field a blue (left leaning) diagonal brace covered by three gold acorns (i r?dt en bl? sinistervendt skr?bj?lke belagt med tre guldne agern); on the helmet: two vesselhorns horizontally divided, one coloured red/blue, the other blue/red, and between the vesselhorns a tiny oak-branch with three golden acorns (to vesselhorn delt mellem r?dt/bl?t og bl?t/r?dt, hvorimellem st?r en liden kvist med 3 gyldne agern). (note 19)
Notes:
18) On Oluf Tuesen's fate see "SAXO", 1986 edition, page 83. Mogens Uf states in a Herredagsdom (Herredags Dombog nr. 1, 1537-1541, folio 82, RA), that his mother was the sister of Canon Peder Uf of Lund, but since she was not mentioned in Anders Galen's will of 1511 (see note nr. 10) she must only be a half-sister to Peder Uf (same father), and a full sister to Oluf Ottesen (Uf).
19) Mogens Uf's seal is found in "Danske Adelige Sigiller", by A. Thiset, F.II, nr. 1. The colours to be found in the following publications: "Thott'ske Samlinger 1104-2", folio 43 (on the acorns are coloured!). "Kall'ske Samlinger 124-fol.", folio 68, Thisett's collection in the Rigsarkivet - where Mogens Uf is placed under his wife's family-name of Kyrning, with a reference to Tale Ulfstand's family-records, wherein we might find mention of their coat of arms, etc.
From "Bornholmske Samlinger", 1/8, page 128:
June 15, 1582, Knight (Ridder) Philip Uf, brother of Margrethe Uf, was the defendant in a judgment made by Bornholm's Upper House of Parliament, which judged him guilty of having killed mid-march 1581 his brother Esbern Uf. He accused his brother-in-law Christen Clausen Kj?ller of the murder, but Christen was acquitted.
There is some dispute surrounding the parenthood of Mogens Uf, some say he might be the son of Oluf Tuesen and his wife - the daughter of Otte Pedersen Uf; others think he might be the son of Anders Uf and Anne Sevidsdatter. The same debate surrounds Gunhild, wife of Mads Kofoed. In 1547 Mogens took Gunhild to court in a dispute over an inheritance from Oluf Tuesen. The fact that Oluf Tuesen was a previous owner of R?gelundsg?rd (the same farm that was confiscated by Archbishop Byrge after Oluf was executed by Commander Kristiern van Haffn circa 1500), leads me to lend greater credance to the assertion by Sigvard Mahler Dam (in his article: "De bornholmske v?bnersl?gter Uf og Splid", Heraldisk Tidsskrift, 1982) that Oluf Tuesen is the father of Mogens Uf.
The "Landbohistorisk Selskab, Adkomstregistrering 1513-50" has the following entry for the years 1535 (203) and 1537 (217):
Uf (II), Mogens Olufsen, til Odersberga, havde Bornholm len, (d?d mellem 1563-1566), gift med Berete Poulsdatter Kyrning.
So it would seem that the Danish Landbohistorisk Selskab (Countryman History Society) has information showing that Mogens' patronym was "Olufsen"; and further, agrees that Berete's patronym was "Poulsdatter"! This would seem to point to Mogens Uf being the son of Oluf Tuesen and the daughter of Otte Pedersen Uf.
From the "Dansk adelsv?bner, en heraldisk n?gle", page 469, by Sven Tito Achen, Politikens Forlag, 1973, K?benhavn:
Uf "I". V?ben: En sparre (r?d i hvidt? se Heraldisk Tidsskrift nr. 23, 1971, side 111). Hjelmfigur unkendt. Uradel, Sk?ne. Niels Uf 1302; Oluf Ottesen, landsdommer p? Bornholm 1522. NDA side 299.
(The above translated to English:)
Uf "I". Coat of arms: A chevron (red on white? see Heraldisk Tidsskrift, nr. 23, 1971, page 111). Helmet-design unknown. Noble origins: Sk?ne. Niels Uf in 1302; Oluf Ottesen, chief justice for Bornholm in 1522. See: NDA, page 299.
From the "Dansk adelsv?bner, en heraldisk n?gle", page 457, by Sven Tito Achen, Politikens Forlag, 1973, K?benhavn:
Uf "II". V?ben: I r?dt en bl? (sinister) skr?bj?lke belagt med tre gule agern. P? hjelm en stilk med tre gule agern mellem to vesselhorn tv?rdlt r?dt/bl?t og bl?t/r?dt. Uradel, Sk?ne. Har muligvis sit navn fra sl?gten Uf "I" (se side 469). Mogens Uf til Oddersberg 1533; Hans Uf til Gundestrup 1586. Se NDA side 299.
(The above translated to English:)
Uf "II". Coat of arms: in red or blue a (sinister) diagonal brace covered by three gold acorns. On the helmet a stalk with three gold acorns between two vesselhorns transverse partitioned in red/blue and blue/red. Noble origin: Sk?ne. Possibly received name from family Uf "I" (see page 469). Mogens Uf of Oddersberg in 1533; Hans Uf of Gundestrup in 1586. See: NDA, page 299.
Note: Gundestrup is now called Gunnarstorp, of which there are two in Sk?ne: 1) Vrams Gunnarstorp in Norra Vrams parish, Luggude district, and 2) or Kulla Gunnarstorp in Allerums parish, S?dra ?sbo district.
On the rise and fall of the Danish kingdom:
Under King Valdemar II, reigned 1202-1241, the Danish kingdom reached its greatest size. He conquered Pomerania, Estonia, and parts of Mecklenburg; was sovereign over all of Denmark, the south-western coastal provinces on the Svensk/Swedish peninsula, and had dominion over the entire Baltic Sea coast-line. The Union of Kalmar, in 1397, united the kingdoms of Danmark, Sweden and Norway for 126 years. Sveden and a portion of Finland seceded in 1523; Norway declared itself independence in 1814; and Island/Iceland became independent in 1944. Kalaallit Nunat/Greenland and the F?royar/Faeroes are still under Danish rule.
The Svensker/Swedes declared war on Denmark in 1643, invaded Jylland and Sk?ne and on June 29, 1644 defeated the Danish fleet. In the resulting "Peace of Br?msebro" of 1645, Danmark ceded to Sweden the islands ?sel and Gotland, the provinces J?mtland, H?rjedalen and Halland - the latter for thirty years (however, it was never returned). Later Sk?ne, Blekinge, and Bohus, all Danish provinces for 500 years, were lost to Sweden as a result of the "Peace of Roskilde", signed in 1658. The territory of Sk?ne now comprises the counties (l?ns) of Malm?hus and Kristianstad.
This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 21 July 2015.
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1499 - 1565 (~ 66 år)
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